Postingan
AN ANALYSIS ON THE GRAMMATICAL COHESION
OF THE UNDERGRADUATE THESIS ABSTRACTS
IN STATE ISLAMIC COLLEGE OF JURAI SIWO METRO
IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR OF 2012/2013
CHAPTER
I
INTRODUCTION
A.
Background
of Study
Writing
is the representation of language in a textual
medium through the use of a set of signs or symbols. It is an
activity to express an idea or a concept from our thought to be written text. There
are many writing products like books,
newspaper, magazine, journals, articles, and the others. Thus, knowledge will
be very easy to be transferred and developed. In writing should
consider cohesion and coherence in order to be
understood by the readers.
Discourse analysis is the study of
the relationship between the language and
contexts in which it is used. A
discourse message is acceptable to the community well, if it is really
persuasive, interesting and suggestive. Discourse
is called complete because it has the concepts, ideas, or thoughts which can be
understood by the reader or listener. The highest or greatest discourse is
formed of the words or phrases that
meet the requirements of grammatical cohesion.
Cohesion is the
existing of relationship among the elements. Thus, discourse analysis can be
assessed in the terms of cohesion and coherence. Research
on discourse markers in terms of cohesion and coherence is necessary given,
because discourse is one of the communication forms.
Concerning
to cohesion, Halliday and Hasan divide cohesion into two types, namely
grammatical cohesion and lexical cohesion. In more detailed aspects of
grammatical cohesion consists of reference, substitution, ellipsis, and conjunction.
While lexical cohesion includes repetitions, synonymy, collocation, hyponymy, antonym,
and equivalence. Grammatical cohesion is important in the
connectedness and unity both of written and spoken text. Besides, grammatical
cohesion mostly exists within in both of written and spoken text. Most of the
writers and speakers who produce the text do
not understand about the existence of these devices and the function of these devices. So, it is very important to us in knowing the kinds and
function of grammatical cohesion which is applied
in written text correctly.
In
this case, the writer will examine discourse especially the grammatical
cohesion in the abstracts of undergraduate thesis. The writer chooses abstract as the source text for
investigating the data because it is the part of scientific writing. The Students are obliged to write an abstract as an internal part of
their theses.
Abstract must be written cohesively, so
the readers are able get the message of the abstract clearly. The content of an abstract
provides the relationships between or among words in a text. Therefore, the
writer interests to analyze the grammatical cohesion in student’s abstracts of
undergraduate thesis of English Study Program in State Islamic College of Jurai Siwo Metro.
B. Focus of Study
The writer
focuses this research on the analyzing of grammatical cohesion on the
abstracts of student’s undergraduate thesis of English Study Program in State Islamic College
of Jurai Siwo Metro in the Academic Year of 2012/2013.
C. Limitation of Problem
There are two kinds of cohesion; they are grammatical
cohesion and lexical cohesion. In this research, the writer limits the
discussion in analyzing of the grammatical cohesion on the abstracts
of student’s undergraduate thesis of English study
program in State Islamic College of Jurai Siwo Metro in the academic year of 2012/2013.
D.
Research
Formulation
The problems of the study are stated in the following questions:
1.
What kinds of
the grammatical cohesion that have been used on the abstracts of student’s undergraduate
thesis of English Study Program in State Islamic College of Jurai Siwo Metro in the academic year
2012/2013?
2.
What is the
dominant type of the grammatical cohesion on the abstracts of student’s
undergraduate thesis of English Study Program in State Islamic College of Jurai Siwo Metro in the academic year
2012/2013.
E.
Objective
and benefits of Study
1. Objectives of the Study
The primary goal of this research is:
a. To
find out the kinds of the grammatical cohesion that has been used the abstract
of student’s undergraduate thesis of English Study Program in State Islamic
College of Jurai Siwo Metro in the
academic year 2012/2013.
b. To
find out the dominant type of the grammatical cohesion on the abstract of
student’s undergraduate thesis of English Study Program in State Islamic
College of Jurai Siwo Metro in the
academic year 2012/2013.
2. Benefits of the Study
Generally, this research is expected to be
beneficial both theoretically and practically. Specifically, it is expected to have the benefits as
follows:
a. Theoretically, it contributes an
additional knowledge for the students about the kinds of the
grammatical cohesion that is used in a text.
b. Practically, the
results of this analysis are expected to provide significant contribution in
terms of learning grammatical cohesion, so this thesis can use as reference for
another analysis.
F.
Prior
Research
In State Islamic College of Jurai Siwo Metro, there is no the students
who make the research about the grammatical cohesion yet. But related to the
study of cohesive devices, there are some researchers in another college who have studied
about the part of cohesion, especially in grammatical cohesion.
The first researcher is Rini Susanti ( 2007),[1]
who has studied about the kinds
and dominant kinds of grammatical cohesion in the reading text of year Seven
Junior High School textbook “Smart Steps” published by Ganeca exact. He also used the theory of Halliday and Hasan
in analyzing grammatical cohesion. The result of her study showed the kinds of
grammatical cohesion found in the texts comprises reference, ellipsis and
conjunction. All of them are appropriately applied in the texts, therefore
cohesive reading texts are established. And reference is the dominant kind of
grammatical cohesion in the reading texts. This can be seen by considering the
percentage calculation of reference used in the reading texts which is the highest compared to
the other types of grammatical cohesion in every analyzed text.
The
second, Rizki Amalia Retnasari (2010) [2]
who has studied about the
kinds and function of grammatical cohesion on barack obama’s speech in Al-Azhar
University. He used the theory of Halliday and Hasan in analyzing
grammatical cohesion as the cohesive devices. The results of her study show that all kinds of grammatical
cohesion namely reference, substitution, ellipsis, and conjunction are found in
the text of Barack Obama’s speech in Al-Azhar University. The function of those
grammatical conjunction are; (1) to indicate reference pronoun, (2) to indicate
spatial order, (3) to substitute a similar noun, (4) to omit the similar noun,
(5) to indicate conclusion or summary, and
(6)
to indicate contrast.
The last researcher is Rudi
Haryanto (2012),[3]
a student of Yogyakarta State University, He studied
cohesion in the headlines of the Jakarta Post online issued in november
– december, 2010 . The result of
his study, The findings of the
research show that there were 1.630 data of ties reference (806 or 49.4%),
substitution (29 or 1.8 %), ellipsis (9 or 0.6 %), conjunction (422 or 25.9 %),
and
lexical (364 or 22.3 %).
[1] Rini Susanti. 2007. The Grammatical
Cohesion Of Reading Text Of Year Seven Junior High School Textbook “Smart
Steps” Published By Ganeca Exact. Undergraduate Thesis . English Department Languages and Arts Faculty Semarang
State University.
[2] Retnasari, Rizki Amalia. 2010. A Study of
Grammatical Cohesion of Barack Obama’s
Speech in Al-Azhar University. Thesis, English Letters and Language
Department, Faculty of Humanities and Culture, the State Islamic University
Maulana Malik Ibrahim of Malang.
[3] Rudi Haryanto, 2012. Cohesion in the
Headlines of The Jakarta Post Online Issued in November – December, 2010, Thesis, Yogyakarta
State University.
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